丈夫
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Base na-adjective form. Used to describe physical strength, durability, or robustness. Attaches to nouns with 『な』 (na) when modifying them, e.g., 『丈夫な机』 (joubu na tsukue, 'a sturdy desk').
Theme
At a hardware store, User and their friend Ken are shopping for a new backpack for an upcoming hiking trip.
丈夫
じょうぶ
strong / solid / durable
Core Language Building BlocksCore Adjectives
Memory Hook
Imagine a 'jumbo' (sounds like じょうぶ joubu) robot that's super strong and durable — it's built to last! 'Jumbo' → 丈夫 (joubu, 'strong / Durable').
Cultural Note
In Japan, 『丈夫』 (joubu) is often used to describe well-made products, sturdy furniture, or robust health. For example, parents might say a child is 『丈夫な子』 (joubu na ko, 'a strong child') to indicate they are healthy and resilient.
Forms
Base: 丈夫Base na-adjective form. Used to describe physical strength, durability, or robustness. Attaches to nouns with 『な』 (na) when modifying them, e.g., 『丈夫な机』 (joubu na tsukue, 'a sturdy desk').
Negative: 丈夫じゃないAdd 『じゃない』 (janai, informal negative) after the base form → 『丈夫じゃない』 (joubu janai). Polite negative is 『丈夫ではありません』 (joubu dewa arimasen).
Past: 丈夫だったAdd 『だった』 (datta, past) after the base form → 『丈夫だった』 (joubu datta). Polite past is 『丈夫でした』 (joubu deshita).
Adverbial: 丈夫にAdd 『に』 (ni, adverbial) after the base form → 『丈夫に』 (joubu ni). Used to modify verbs, e.g., 『丈夫に作る』 (joubu ni tsukuru, 'to make durably').
Comparative: より丈夫Comparative formed with modifier 『より』 (yori, 'more than') + base adjective, e.g., 『より丈夫な素材』 (yori joubu na sozai, 'more durable material').
Superlative: 一番丈夫Superlative formed with 『一番』 (ichiban, 'number one / Most') + base adjective, e.g., 『一番丈夫な製品』 (ichiban joubu na seihin, 'the most durable product').