余分
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Base na-adjective form. Describes something that is additional or more than needed. Example: 『余分なお金』 (yobun na okane, 'extra money').
Theme
Two friends, Ken and User, are at a grocery store discussing how to handle leftover ingredients after a party.
余分
よぶん
extra / excess / surplus
Core Language Building BlocksDescriptive Language
Memory Hook
Think of 'yo bun' as 'yo, bun'—like having an extra bun at a meal. It's surplus food you don't need!
Cultural Note
In Japan, being mindful of excess is valued, so 『余分』 (yobun, 'extra / Surplus') is often used in contexts like food portions or resources to encourage efficiency and avoid waste.
Forms
Base: 余分Base na-adjective form. Describes something that is additional or more than needed. Example: 『余分なお金』 (yobun na okane, 'extra money').
Negative: 余分ではないAdd 『ではない』 (de wa nai, 'is not') after the base form → 『余分ではない』 (yobun de wa nai).
Past: 余分だったAdd 『だった』 (datta, past copula) after the base form → 『余分だった』 (yobun datta).
Adverbial: 余分にAdd 『に』 (ni, adverbial marker) after the base form → 『余分に』 (yobun ni).
Comparative: より余分Comparative formed with modifier 『より』 (yori, 'more than') + base adjective.
Superlative: 一番余分Superlative formed with 『一番』 (ichiban, 'number one / Most') + base adjective.