深刻
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Base na-adjective form. Describes situations, problems, or emotions that are grave or severe. Often used with 『な』 (na) to modify nouns, e.g., 『深刻な状況』 (shinkoku na joukyou, 'serious situation').
Theme
In a café, User talks with their friend Aiko about environmental issues affecting their city.
深刻
しんこく
serious
Advanced ExpansionAbstract Concepts
Memory Hook
Picture a 'serious' situation that makes you 'sink' deep in thought — '深刻' (shinkoku) sounds like 'sink' + 'koku' (刻, 'carve'), as if carved deeply into your mind.
Cultural Note
『深刻』 (shinkoku) is commonly used in news and discussions to describe serious issues like environmental problems or social crises, e.g., 『深刻な問題』 (shinkoku na mondai, 'serious problem').
Forms
Base: 深刻Base na-adjective form. Describes situations, problems, or emotions that are grave or severe. Often used with 『な』 (na) to modify nouns, e.g., 『深刻な状況』 (shinkoku na joukyou, 'serious situation').
Negative: 深刻ではないAdd 『ではない』 (de wa nai, 'is not') after the base form → 『深刻ではない』 (shinkoku de wa nai, 'not serious').
Past: 深刻だったAdd 『だった』 (datta, past copula) after the base form → 『深刻だった』 (shinkoku datta, 'was serious').
Adverbial: 深刻にAdd 『に』 (ni, adverbial marker) after the base form → 『深刻に』 (shinkoku ni, 'seriously').
Comparative: より深刻Comparative formed with modifier 『より』 (yori, 'more than') + base adjective → 『より深刻』 (yori shinkoku, 'more serious').
Superlative: 一番深刻Superlative formed with 『一番』 (ichiban, 'number one / Most') + base adjective → 『一番深刻』 (ichiban shinkoku, 'the most serious').