滅びる
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Base dictionary form. Ichidan verb: ends in 『る』 and keeps its stem for all conjugations. Describes complete destruction or ruin.
Theme
Two friends, Ken and User, are discussing ancient civilizations and their decline while visiting a history museum.
滅びる
ほろびる
to be ruined / to perish / to be destroyed (plain form)
Advanced ExpansionAbstract Concepts
verbICHIDAN (ru-verb)
Memory Hook
Imagine a city being 'ruined' — it's a 'horrible' sight. 'Horrible' sounds like 'horu' in 滅びる (horobiru, 'to be ruined'). 'Horrible ruin' → 滅びる (horobiru, 'to be ruined').
Cultural Note
滅びる (horobiru, 'to be ruined') is often used in historical or dramatic contexts, such as in stories about fallen civilizations or in media depicting destruction. It conveys a sense of complete collapse or annihilation.
Forms
Base: 滅びるBase dictionary form. Ichidan verb: ends in 『る』 and keeps its stem for all conjugations. Describes complete destruction or ruin.
Polite: 滅びますDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『ます』 (masu, polite marker) → 『滅びます』 (horobimasu, 'be ruined [polite]').
Negative: 滅びないDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『ない』 (nai, 'not') → 『滅びない』 (horobinai, 'do not be ruined').
Past: 滅びたDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『た』 (ta, past marker) → 『滅びた』 (horobita, 'was ruined').
Te: 滅びてDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『て』 (te) → 『滅びて』 (horobite). Used for linking actions or in requests, though less common for this verb.
Volitional: 滅びようDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『よう』 (you, volitional) → 『滅びよう』 (horobiyou, 'let’s be ruined'). Often used in poetic or hypothetical contexts.
Conditional: 滅びればDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『れば』 (reba, conditional) → 『滅びれば』 (horobireba, 'if (something) is ruined').
Potential: 滅びられるAdd 『られる』 (rareru, potential) to the stem → 『滅びられる』 (horobirareru, 'can be ruined').
Passive: 滅びられるAdd passive marker 『られる』 (rareru) → same surface form as potential; meaning depends on context, often implying destruction by external forces.
Causative: 滅びさせるAdd causative marker 『させる』 (saseru) → 『滅びさせる』 (horobisaseru, 'to make / Let something be ruined').
Imperative: 滅びろDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『ろ』 (ro, command) → 『滅びろ』 (horobiro). Rare in everyday speech, more common in dramatic or fictional settings.
Progressive: 滅びているTe-form 『滅びて』 + 『いる』 (iru, continuous) → 『滅びている』 (horobite iru, 'is being ruined').