申し上げる
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Base dictionary form. Ichidan verb: ends in 『る』 and keeps its stem for all conjugations. Used in humble speech to show respect.
Theme
User is a junior employee at a traditional Japanese company, discussing a formal apology with their senior colleague, Tanaka-san, after a minor mistake in a report.
申し上げる
もうしあげる
to say humbly (plain form)
Culture & SocietyTraditions & Customs
verbICHIDAN (ru-verb)
Memory Hook
Imagine a humble servant bowing and saying, 'I humbly say...' — it sounds like 'moushi-ageru' (申し上げる). Think: 'Moushi' (say) + 'ageru' (raise up) → 'to say humbly'.
Cultural Note
In Japanese culture, 『申し上げる』 (moushiageru, 'to say humbly') is a keigo (honorific language) verb used in formal situations to show respect to superiors, such as in business or ceremonies. It's often used in phrases like 『申し上げます』 (moushiagemasu, 'I humbly say').
Forms
Base: 申し上げるBase dictionary form. Ichidan verb: ends in 『る』 and keeps its stem for all conjugations. Used in humble speech to show respect.
Polite: 申し上げますDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『ます』 (masu, polite marker) → 『申し上げます』 (moushiagemasu, 'say humbly [polite]').
Negative: 申し上げないDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『ない』 (nai, 'not') → 『申し上げない』 (moushiagenai, 'do not say humbly').
Past: 申し上げたDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『た』 (ta, past marker) → 『申し上げた』 (moushiageta, 'said humbly').
Te: 申し上げてDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『て』 (te) → 『申し上げて』 (moushiagete). Used for requests and linking actions in humble speech.
Volitional: 申し上げようDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『よう』 (you, volitional) → 『申し上げよう』 (moushiageyou, 'let’s say humbly').
Conditional: 申し上げればDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『れば』 (reba, conditional) → 『申し上げれば』 (moushiagereba, 'if (someone) says humbly').
Potential: 申し上げられるAdd 『られる』 (rareru, potential) to the stem → 『申し上げられる』 (moushiagerareru, 'can say humbly').
Passive: 申し上げられるAdd passive marker 『られる』 (rareru) → same surface form as potential; meaning depends on context.
Causative: 申し上げさせるAdd causative marker 『させる』 (saseru) → 『申し上げさせる』 (moushiagesaseru).
Imperative: 申し上げろDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『ろ』 (ro, command) → 『申し上げろ』 (moushiagero).
Progressive: 申し上げているTe-form 『申し上げて』 + 『いる』 (iru, continuous) → 『申し上げている』 (moushiagete iru, 'is saying humbly').