申し出る
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Base dictionary form. Ichidan verb: ends in 『る』 and keeps its stem for all conjugations.
Theme
In a community meeting, User and their neighbor Aiko discuss reporting a local issue to the authorities.
申し出る
もうしでる
to report to, to tell, to suggest (plain form)
Core Language Building BlocksCore Verbs & Actions
verbICHIDAN (ru-verb)
Memory Hook
Imagine you need to 'mention' something important to your boss. 'Mention' sounds like 'moushi' — you 'moushi-deru' (申し出る) to report or suggest it!
Cultural Note
In Japanese business settings, 『申し出る』 (moushideru, 'to report or suggest') is often used when formally offering information or proposals, reflecting the culture's emphasis on politeness and hierarchy in communication.
Forms
Base: 申し出るBase dictionary form. Ichidan verb: ends in 『る』 and keeps its stem for all conjugations.
Polite: 申し出ますDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『ます』 (masu, polite marker) → 『申し出ます』 (moushidemasu, 'report / Tell / Suggest [polite]').
Negative: 申し出ないDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『ない』 (nai, 'not') → 『申し出ない』 (moushidenai, 'do not report / Tell / Suggest').
Past: 申し出たDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『た』 (ta, past marker) → 『申し出た』 (moushideta, 'reported / Told / Suggested').
Te: 申し出てDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『て』 (te) → 『申し出て』 (moushidete). Used for requests and linking actions.
Volitional: 申し出ようDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『よう』 (you, volitional) → 『申し出よう』 (moushideyou, 'let’s report / Tell / Suggest').
Conditional: 申し出ればDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『れば』 (reba, conditional) → 『申し出れば』 (moushidereba, 'if (someone) reports / Tells / Suggests').
Potential: 申し出られるAdd 『られる』 (rareru, potential) to the stem → 『申し出られる』 (moushiderareru, 'can report / Tell / Suggest').
Passive: 申し出られるAdd passive marker 『られる』 (rareru) → same surface form as potential; meaning depends on context.
Causative: 申し出させるAdd causative marker 『させる』 (saseru) → 『申し出させる』 (moushidesaseru).
Imperative: 申し出ろDrop 『る』 (-ru) → add 『ろ』 (ro, command) → 『申し出ろ』 (moushidero).
Progressive: 申し出ているTe-form 『申し出て』 + 『いる』 (iru, continuous) → 『申し出ている』 (moushidete iru, 'is reporting / Telling / Suggesting').