～済
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Suffix attached to nouns or verb stems to indicate completion. Reading changes to 『ずみ』 (zumi) when attached. Example: 『支払済』 (shiharai-zumi, 'payment finished').
Theme
Two coworkers, Ken and User, are at the office discussing their progress on a project report. Ken asks about the status of the document.
～済
～ずみ
finished (suffix)
Core Language Building BlocksCore Forms & Grammar Patterns
Memory Hook
Imagine a task with a checkmark: '済' (sumi) looks like a checkmark on a list. Think: 'It's sumi-shed!' (finished) → ～済 (sumi, 'finished').
Cultural Note
In Japan, 『済』 (sumi) is often used in official documents or forms to indicate completion, such as 『支払済』 (shiharai-zumi, 'payment completed') or 『確認済』 (kakunin-zumi, 'confirmed').
Forms
Base: ～済Suffix attached to nouns or verb stems to indicate completion. Reading changes to 『ずみ』 (zumi) when attached. Example: 『支払済』 (shiharai-zumi, 'payment finished').